Og ikke bare økonomisk. Krisen har også en åndelig og kulturell dimensjon, hevder kardinal Joseph Ratzinger i boken Europe: Today And Tomorrow.
Ett år før konklavet som valgte ham til pave Benedikt XVI, diskuterer han Europas identitet: hva den er, kan være og burde være — kontinentet som kun sekundært er et geografisk område, men snarere "et historisk og kulturelt konsept", som kardinalen uttrykker det i forordet.
I tråd med dagens fredsprisutdeling, fremhever Ratzinger hvordan det kristne verdensbildet la grunnlaget for fredstanken i Europa etter Den annen verdenskrig.
The driving force behind this politics of peace was the connection between political action and morality. The inner criterion of all politics is found in those moral values which we do not invent but only recognize and which are the same for all men. Let us say it plainly: These politicians drew their moral concept of the State, of peace and responsibility, from their Christian faith, a faith that had overcome the challenges of the Enlightenment and to a great extent had been purified in its confrontation with the distortion of the law and of morality caused by the Party. They wanted to set up, not a denominational State but, rather, a State informed by ethical reasoning; still, their faith had helped them to revive and reestablish the rule of reason that had been subjected and perverted by an ideological tyranny. They developed a politics of reason—of moral reasoning; their Christianity had not distanced them from reason but rather had illuminated their reason.Men tiden går, og det råder nå en pessimisme på vegne av Europa, både innenfor og utenfor dets grenser.
... with the triumph of the post-European technological-secular world, with the globalization of its way of life and its manner of thinking, one gets the impression everywhere in the world, but especially in the strictly non-European worlds of Asia and Africa, that the very world of European values—the things upon which Europe bases its identity, its culture and its faith—has arrived at its end and has actually already left the scene; that now the hour has come for the value systems of other worlds, of pre-Columbian America, of Islam, of Asian mysticism.Dette mildt deprimerende perspektivet har de siste årene fasilitert en rekke variasjoner over den litterære sjangeren "alt-går-til-helvete-med-Europa-og-hele-den-vestlige-sivilisasjon". Men til forskjell fra mange andre, tilbyr Ratzinger en kur for diagnosen: At Europa igjen går i seg selv, vender tilbake til sine kristne røtter — samtidig som den omfavner det beste fra opplysningstiden.
Her byr han også på sitt eget perspektiv i den betente debatten om multikulturalismen.
... the West is making a praiseworthy attempt to be completely open to understanding foreign values, but it no longer loves itself; from now on it sees in its own history only what is blameworthy and destructive, whereas it is no longer capable of perceiving what is great and pure. In order to survive, Europe needs a new—and certainly a critical and humble—acceptance of itself, that is, if it wants to survive. Multiculturalism, which is continually and passionately encouraged and promoted, is sometimes little more than the abandonment and denial of what is one’s own, flight from one’s own heritage. But multiculturalism cannot exist without shared constants, without points of reference based on one’s own values. It surely cannot exist without respect for what is sacred. Part of it is approaching with respect the things that are sacred to others, but we can do this only if what is sacred, God himself, is not foreign to us.Så hva kommer til å skje med Europa? På vei mot stupet, eller er det fremdeles håp? Ratzinger diskuterer spørsmålene i lys av de motstridende teoriene til Arnold Toynbee og Oswald Spengler. Sistnevnte mente at det nærmest var biologisk determinert at sivilisasjoner vokser frem, for deretter å forvitre og forfalle. Så også den europeiske.
Den nåværende paven tar derimot historikeren Toynbees side, som hevdet at det, til syvende og sist, var sekularismen som var grunnproblemet, og at krisen kan overvinnes gjennom individets frie tilslutning til — og gjenoppdagelse av — kontinentets religiøse arv.
Ifølge Toynbee var et samfunns skjebne, og eventuelle revitalisering, avhengig av såkalte energiske kreative minoriteter.
Believing Christians should think of themselves as one such creative minority and contribute to Europe’s recovery of the best of its heritage and thus to the service of all mankind.Litt av en utfordring til dagens kristne, og det fra europeeren par excellence: Joseph Ratzinger, også kjent som pave Benedikt XVI.
Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger— Europe: Today And Tomorrow
Dagens beste Nobelpriskommentar!
SvarSlett